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Facts and Policy of the China-Philippine Dispute in the South China Sea (Bilingual version)

catl.org.cn, 07 29, 2016

南海诸岛是中国固有领土	Nanhai Zhudao Are China's Inherent Territory
中国南海诸岛包括东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛。中国最早发现、命名和开发利用南海诸岛及相关海域，最早并持续、和平、有效地对南海诸岛及相关海域行使主权和管辖。明清时期形成并流传至今的《更路薄》记录了中国人民在南海诸岛的生活和生产活动，以及对南海诸岛的命名。中国对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益，是在漫长的历史过程中确立的，具有充分的历史和法理依据。	China's Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao (the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands). China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters, and the first to have continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them. Geng Lu Bu (Manual of Sea Routes), which came into being and circulation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and has been handed down and is still in use even today, showed that the Chinese people lived and carried out production activities on, and how they named Nanhai Zhudao. China's sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea have been established in the long course of history, and are solidly grounded in history and law.
1933年，法国曾一度侵入南沙群岛部分岛礁，制造了“九小岛事件”。中国政府采取一系列措施捍卫主权。1935年中国水陆地图审查委员会编印并公布了《中国南海各岛屿图》。	In 1933, France invaded some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao, creating the "Incident of the Nine Islets". The Chinese government took a series of measures to defend China's sovereignty over Nansha Qundao. China's Committee for the Examination for the Land and Sea Maps compiled and published Zhong Guo Nan Hai Ge Dao Yu Tu (Map of the South China Sea Islands of China) in 1935.
日本在侵华战争期间曾非法侵占中国南海诸岛。随着世界反法西斯战争和中国人民抗日战争的推进，中、美、英三国于1943年12月发表《开罗宣言》郑重宣布，日本必须将所窃取的中国领土归还中国。1945年7月，中、美、英三国发表《波茨坦公告》，其中第8条明确规定：“开罗宣言之条件必将实施。”1945年8月，日本宣布接受《波茨坦公告》无条件投降。	Japan invaded and illegally occupied Nanhai Zhudao during its war of aggression against China. With the advance of the World's Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, the United States and the United Kingdom solemnly demanded in the Cairo Declaration in December 1943 that all the territories Japan had stolen from the Chinese shall be restored to China. In July 1945, China, the United States and the United Kingdom issued the Potsdam Proclamation. That Proclamation explicitly declares in Article 8: "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out." In August 1945, Japan announced its acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation and its unconditional surrender.

1943年11月，中、美、英三国领导人在埃及开罗会晤（从左至右，蒋介石、罗斯福、丘吉尔）。
The leaders of China, the United States and the United Kingdom met in Cairo in November 1943 during World War II (left to right: Chiang Kai Shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill).

1943年12月，中、美、英三国政府联合发表《开罗宣言》，规定日本必须归还其所窃取的中国领土。
China, the United States and the United Kingdom jointly released the Cairo Declaration in December 1943, demanding Japan to restore to China all the territories that it had stolen from the Chinese.

1946年11月至12月，中国政府派员分赴西沙群岛和南沙群岛，举行仪式，重立主权碑。次年3月，中国政府在太平岛设立南沙群岛管理处。

In November and December 1946, the Chinese government dispatched senior military and civil officials to Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao to resume exercise of authority over these Islands, with commemorative ceremonies held and sovereignty markers re-erected. In March 1947, the Chinese government established on Taiping Dao the Nansha Qundao Office of Administration.

1946年12月，中国政府派接收专员及官兵在太平岛上举行仪式，收复南沙群岛。
Chinese government officials arrived in Taiping Dao in December 1946, recovering the sovereignty over Nansha Qundao.

1948年2月，中国政府公布《中华民国行政区域图》，包括标有南海断续线的《南海诸岛位置图》。

In February 1948, the Chinese government officially published Zhong Hua Min Guo Xing Zheng Qu Yu Tu (Map of the Administrative Districts of the Republic of China) including Nan Hai Zhu Dao Wei Zhi Tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands) on which the dotted line is marked.

1948年2月，中国政府公布《中华民国行政区域图》，包括标有南海断续线的《南海诸岛位置图》。
In February 1948, the Chinese government published Nan Hai Zhu Dao Wei Zhi Tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands).

1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立后，进一步维护对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益。	Since its founding on October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China has further upheld its sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea.
1958年9月，中国发布《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》，明确规定中国领海宽度为12海里，适用于中华人民共和国的一切领土，包括“东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他属于中国的岛屿”。	In September 1958, China promulgated the Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on China's Territorial Sea, explicitly providing that the breadth of China's territorial sea shall be twelve nautical miles, and that such provisions shall apply to all territories of the People's Republic of China, including "Dongsha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and all the other islands belonging to China".
1959年3月，中国政府在西沙群岛的永兴岛设立“西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛办事处”。	In March 1959, the Chinese government set up on Yongxing Dao of Xisha Qundao the Office of Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao.
1983年4月，中国地名委员会受权公布南海诸岛部分标准地名，总计287个。	In April 1983, China Committee on Geographical Names was authorized to publish 287 standard geographical names for part of Nanhai Zhudao.
1988年4月，第七届全国人民代表大会第一次会议决定设立海南省，管辖范围包括西沙群岛、南沙群岛、中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域。	In April 1988, the Seventh National People's Congress decided at its First Session to establish Hainan Province with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant maritime areas, among others.
1992年2月，中国颁布《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》，明确规定：“中华人民共和国的陆地领土……东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛以及其他一切属于中华人民共和国的岛屿。”	In February 1992, China promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. This Law explicitly states: "The land territory of the People's Republic of China includes […] Dongsha Qundao; Xisha Qundao; Zhongsha Qundao; Nansha Qundao; as well as all the other islands belonging to the People's Republic of China."
1998年6月，中国颁布《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》，明确规定：“本法的规定不影响中华人民共和国享有的历史性权利。”	In June 1998, China promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. This Law explicitly states: "The provisions in this Law shall not affect the historic rights that the People's Republic of China enjoys."
2012年6月，国务院批准设立地级三沙市，管辖西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛的岛礁及其海域。	In June 2012, the State Council approved the establishment of prefecture-level Sansha City with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant waters.

2012年6月，国务院批准设立地级三沙市。
In June 2012, the State Council approved the establishment of prefecture-level Sansha City with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant waters.

第二次世界大战结束后，中国收复南海诸岛并恢复行使主权，世界上许多国家都承认南海诸岛是中国领土。	After the end of World War II, China recovered and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao. Many countries recognize that Nanhai Zhudao are part of China's territory.
1952年，日本政府正式表示放弃对台湾、澎湖列岛以及南沙群岛、西沙群岛之一切权利、权利名义与要求。同年，由时任日本外务大臣冈崎胜男亲笔签字推荐的《标准世界地图集》把西沙群岛、南沙群岛及东沙群岛、中沙群岛全部标绘属于中国。1972年，日本在《中日联合声明》中重申坚持遵循《波茨坦公告》第8条规定。	In 1952, the Japanese government officially stated that it had renounced all right, title, and claim to Taiwan, Penghu, as well as Nansha Qundao and Xisha Qundao. In the same year, Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao were all marked as belonging to China in the Standard World Atlas recommended by the then Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuo Okazaki with his signature. In 1972, Japan reiterated its adherence to the terms of Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation in the Joint Communiqué of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Japan.
1958年9月14日，越南政府总理范文同照会中国国务院总理周恩来郑重表示：“越南民主共和国政府承认和赞同中华人民共和国政府1958年9月4日关于领海决定的声明。”	On September 14, 1958, Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Vietnamese government sent a diplomatic note to Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China, solemnly stating that "the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam recognizes and supports the declaration of the government of the People's Republic of China on its decision concerning China's territorial sea made on September 4, 1958."

1958年9月14日时任越南政府总理范文同照会中国国务院总理周恩来，承认和赞同中国关于领海决定的声明。
The then Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Van Dong sent a diplomatic note to Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai on September 14, 1958, recognizing China's territorial sea.

1987年3月17日至4月1日，联合国教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会第14次会议讨论了《全球海平面观测系统实施计划1985-1990》，该文件建议将西沙群岛和南沙群岛纳入全球海平面观测系统，并将这两个群岛明文列属“中华人民共和国”。中国政府被委任建设5个海洋观测站，包括南沙群岛和西沙群岛上各1个。

The 14th Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, held from March 17 to April 1, 1987, deliberated on the Global Sea-Level Observing System Implementation Plan 1985-1990 (IOC/INF-663 REV). The Plan integrated Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao into the Global Sea-Level Observing System, and explicitly listed these two Islands under "People's Republic of China". For the implementation of this Plan, the Chinese government was commissioned to build five marine observation stations, including one on Nansha Qundao and one on Xisha Qundao.

在许多国家出版的百科全书、年鉴和地图都将南沙群岛标属中国。南海诸岛属于中国早已成为国际社会的普遍认识。

The encyclopedias, yearbooks and maps published in many countries mark Nansha Qundao as belonging to China. Nanhai Zhudao have long been widely recognized by the international community as part of China's territory.

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