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【中英文对照】2017年中央和地方预算报告(全文)

发布时间:2017-03-21 08:25:58  |  来源:中国网  |  作者:  |  责任编辑:李潇

3月5日,第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。 [新华社]

3月5日,第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。 [新华社]
The fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2017. [Photo/Xinhua]

关于2016年中央和地方预算执行情况与2017年中央和地方预算草案的报告

Report on the Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2016 and on the Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2017

——2017年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上

Fifth Session of the 12th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

March 5, 2017

财政部

Ministry of Finance

各位代表:Esteemed Deputies,
受国务院委托,现将2016年中央和地方预算执行情况与2017年中央和地方预算草案提请十二届全国人大五次会议审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the execution of the central and local budgets for 2016 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2017 to the present Fifth Session of the 12th National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2016年中央和地方预算执行情况I. Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2016
2016年,面对严峻复杂的国内外环境,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,各地区、各部门坚持稳中求进工作总基调,坚持新发展理念,以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线,适度扩大总需求,经济社会保持平稳健康发展,实现了“十三五”良好开局。中央和地方预算执行情况较好。In 2016, we were faced with challenging and complicated environments both in China and abroad. However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Xi Jinping at its core, all localities and departments strived for progress while working to keep performance stable, upheld China's new development philosophy, and focused on supply-side structural reform while seeking an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand. As a result, we achieved steady and sound economic and social development and kicked the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2016-2020) off to a good start. Execution of the budgets was satisfactory.
(一)落实全国人大预算决议情况。1. Implementation of the NPC resolution on the budgets
财政部门强化预算法治意识,积极发挥职能作用,认真落实十二届全国人大四次会议有关决议,以及全国人大财政经济委员会的审查意见。Departments of finance improved rule of law awareness in the execution of the budgets, actively performed our functions, and conscientiously implemented the resolution adopted at the Fourth Session of the 12th NPC on the budgets as well as the views given by the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Commission on the budgets.
有效实施积极财政政策。实行大规模减税降费。全面推开营改增试点,将试点范围扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业,并将所有企业新增不动产所含增值税纳入抵扣范围,新增试点行业全部实现总体税负只减不增的预期目标,前期纳入试点的行业和原增值税行业因可抵扣进项税增加也实现了减税,全年降低企业税负5736亿元。进一步扩大企业研发费用加计扣除范围,加大对高新技术企业支持力度,出台股权激励和技术入股递延纳税政策,完善科技企业孵化器税收政策。取消、停征和归并一批政府性基金,扩大18项行政事业性收费免征范围,推动地方清理规范涉企行政事业性收费,减轻企业和个人负担460多亿元。合理扩大财政支出规模。赤字率适当提高,增加的赤字主要用于弥补减税降费带来的财政减收,保障政府应该承担的支出责任。新增地方政府债务限额1.18万亿元。继续发行地方政府债券置换存量债务4.9万亿元,加上2015年置换的3.2万亿元,累计置换8.1万亿元,全年降低利息成本约4000亿元。同时,实施针对性强的政策措施,着力推动“三去一降一补”。中央财政设立并及时拨付工业企业结构调整专项奖补资金,支持化解钢铁、煤炭行业过剩产能过程中职工分流安置工作。安排补助资金,支持中央企业处置“僵尸企业”。调整房地产交易环节契税、营业税政策,加强对居民自住和改善性住房需求的支持,推动化解商品房库存。明确债转股涉及的债权转让和核销政策,支持实施市场化银行债转股。阶段性降低社会保险费率,清理涉企保证金,进一步帮助企业降低成本。加大补短板力度,大幅增加财政扶贫投入助力脱贫攻坚,大力支持棚户区改造、基础设施建设等重点领域。

-- Implementing proactive fiscal policy

Large-scale cuts were made to taxes and fees. In extending trials to replace business tax with VAT to all industries, we carried out trials in the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and made the value-added of the new immovable property in all enterprises eligible for VAT deductions. The tax burdens of all industries newly included in the trials were reduced as planned, while other industries already included in these trials and industries originally using VAT also saw a reduction in their tax burdens due to increased business VAT deductions. Over the year we reduced the tax burden on enterprises across all industries by 573.6 billion yuan.

We further expanded the scope of additional tax deductions for enterprises' spending on research and development; increased funding for high-technology enterprises; introduced policies on equity-based incentives for innovation and on deferred payment of individual income tax for research and development personnel who have become shareholders through their technology and innovation; and improved tax policies for technology business incubators. We abolished or suspended a number of government-managed funds and consolidated some of these funds, expanded the coverage of exemption from 18 kinds of administrative charges; and urged local governments to overhaul and regulate their administrative charges on enterprises, thereby lessening the financial burden on enterprises and individuals by 46 billion plus yuan.

Reasonable increases were made to government expenditures. The government deficit was appropriately increased primarily to make up for reduced government revenue resulting from reductions in taxes and fees, ensuring funding for government spending. We raised the ceiling for local government debt by 1.18 trillion yuan. Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 4.9 trillion yuan. Adding in the 3.2 trillion yuan worth of local government bonds issued in 2015, the value of such bonds issued over the past two years totaled 8.1 trillion yuan. Over the course of the year, local governments have saved approximately 400 billion yuan in interest payments by issuing bonds.

Meanwhile, targeted policies and measures were implemented to address overcapacity, reduce excessive inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and bolster areas of weakness. In funding the resettling of workers laid off from the steel and coal industries as result of overcapacity cuts, we set up funds financed by the central government and promptly allocated appropriations from such funds as subsidies or rewards for restructuring industrial enterprises. We ensured subsidies were provided to address the issue of central government "zombie enterprises." We adjusted policies on deed transfer tax and business tax in the real estate industry with a view to boosting people's demand for housing for personal use and second homes and helping reduce commodity housing stock.

We developed clear policies on the swapping and cancellation of debt in debt-to-equity swaps to support market-based swapping of debt owed to banks for company shares. We introduced short-term reductions on social insurance premiums and overhauled guaranty funds relating to enterprises, thereby further lowering the costs of enterprises. We redoubled efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, considerably increased funding for poverty alleviation, and fully supported major tasks such as rebuilding in rundown urban areas and infrastructure development.

积极推进财税改革与立法。实现增值税对货物和服务全覆盖。全面推进资源税从价计征改革,开展水资源税改革试点。推动出台环境保护税法。制定政府非税收入管理办法。出台推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革的指导意见,明确了改革的总体要求、划分原则、主要内容。合理确定全面推开营改增试点后中央与地方增值税收入分享比例,保持现有财力格局总体稳定。调整中央对地方增值税返还办法,进一步完善分税制财政体制。出台实施支持农业转移人口市民化的财政政策并建立奖励机制。改革和完善中央对地方转移支付制度,专项转移支付项目数量进一步减少到94项,一般性转移支付占比提高至60.6%。大力推进预决算公开,首次在中国政府网和财政部门户网站集中发布中央部门决算信息,制定地方预决算公开操作规程。

-- Working for progress in fiscal and tax reforms and legislation

We worked toward extending VAT to cover all goods and services. We continued the reform to apply ad valorem rates to all resource taxes, piloted the reform to introduce the water resource tax, and drove progress in legislation on an environmental protection tax. We developed measures for the management of non-tax government revenue. We issued guidelines on the reform to share fiscal authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments, making clear the requirements, the sharing principles, and the main content of the reform. We determined the appropriate ratio for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments following the application of VAT in all industries in order to ensure the stability currently enjoyed in the sharing of financial resources continues. We adjusted the methods for central government VAT rebates to local governments, and improved the revenue-sharing fiscal system. We issued and implemented fiscal policies on granting urban residency to people with rural household registration living in urban areas, and introduced related reward mechanisms.

We reformed and improved the system of central government transfer payments to local governments, cutting the number of items receiving special transfer payments from the central government to 94, and raising the proportion of general transfer payments against total transfer payments to 60.6 percent. We stepped up efforts to see that government budgets and final accounts are made available to the public, publishing for the first time a whole package of final accounts of central departments on http://www.gov.cn/and http://www.mof.gov.cn/index.htm and drawing up operating procedures for publicly releasing local budgets and final accounts.

着力提高财政支出绩效。严格执行全国人大批准的预算,及时批复下达。加强预算绩效管理,中央部门项目支出绩效目标管理实现全覆盖,首次将重大项目的绩效目标及具体绩效指标同预算一并批复,对部分重大民生政策和重点专项支出开展绩效评价。部分中央部门预算绩效管理工作开展情况和项目绩效评价结果首次同部门决算一并向社会公开。盘活财政存量资金,按规定用于经济社会发展急需领域。开展贫困县统筹整合使用财政涉农资金试点,把纳入统筹整合范围的财政涉农资金的配置、使用权赋予贫困县。进一步完善中央财政科研项目资金管理,扩大高校、科研院所在科研项目资金、差旅会议等方面的管理权限。大力推广运用政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式,加强PPP项目全生命周期财政管理,保障项目实施质量。截至2016年底,全国PPP综合信息平台入库项目11260个、总投资13.5万亿元,已签约落地的项目1351个、总投资2.2万亿元。加大政府购买服务改革力度,制定通过政府购买服务支持社会组织培育发展和做好事业单位政府购买服务改革工作的意见。推动政府投资基金加快运作,激发社会投资活力。

-- Working to improve the performance of government funds

We promptly approved the appropriation of government funds in strict accordance with the budgets approved by the NPC. In strengthening budget performance administration, we applied performance target administration to all central department project expenditures, began for the first time to set performance targets and indicators for major projects at the same time as granting budgeted funds, and conducted performance evaluations in relation to expenditures for a portion of major policies on people's wellbeing and for key special projects. Information on the performance administration and performance evaluation results of some central department budgets were for the first time released to the public along with the final accounts of these departments.

Available government funds were put to work, in accordance with regulations, in pressing areas of economic and social development. We carried out trials to integrate and coordinate the use of government funds for rural development in poor counties, granting these counties the power to allocate and utilize the funds earmarked for such trials. We improved fund management for central government-funded research programs, expanding the authority of colleges and research institutions to manage research funds and expenses on related travel and meetings. We made a big push to expand the use of public-private partnership (PPP) models, and strengthened lifecycle financial regulation of PPP projects to ensure the quality of implementation. At year end 2016, 11,260 projects, with a total investment of 13.5 trillion yuan, were included on the national information platform for multiple PPP models; 1,351 of these projects, representing a total investment of 2.2 trillion yuan, have already been contracted and are in implementation.

We strengthened reform to encourage government procurement of services, and formulated guidelines on supporting the fostering and development of social organizations through government procurement of their services and on carrying out reform to introduce government procurement of services from public institutions. We worked to accelerate the operations of government-invested funds, and encouraged nongovernmental sources to invest.

高度重视和防范地方政府债务风险。严格按照预算法、担保法等有关法律法规要求,进一步规范地方政府债务管理。2016年末,全国地方政府债务余额15.32万亿元,控制在年度地方政府债务限额17.19万亿元以内。完善地方政府一般债务和专项债务预算管理制度,首次在预算草案中全面反映地方政府债务情况,主动接受监督。开展地方政府债务风险评估和预警并向有关部门和地方政府通报结果,督促高风险地区多渠道筹集资金化解债务风险。出台地方政府性债务风险应急处置预案和分类处置指南,妥善做好风险事件应急处置政策储备。印发财政部驻各地专员办实施地方政府债务监督暂行办法,开展常态化监督。组织核查地方违法违规担保融资问题,督促相关地区和金融机构依法整改。

-- Working to prevent risks posed by local government debt

We worked in strict accordance with the Budget Law, the Guarantee Law, and other relevant laws and regulations to take further steps to ensure standards were in place for the management of local government debt. At year end 2016, total outstanding local government debt stood at 15.32 trillion yuan, which was within the limit of 17.19 trillion yuan budgeted for the year. We improved the budgetary management system for general and special local government debt, and incorporated for the first time a full review of local government debt into the draft budgets, thereby proactively subjecting it to oversight.

We carried out risk assessments and provided early warnings on local-government debt risks and reported the results to the relevant authorities and local governments, urging high-risk regions to raise funds through multiple channels so as to defuse their debt risks. We introduced emergency response contingency plans for local government debt risks and guidelines on dealing with risks by type, building up our policy reserve for responding to risks and emergencies.

We issued the Provisional Measures for the Representative Offices of Supervisors from the Ministry of Finance in Localities to Conduct Oversight on Local Government Debt to make oversight regular. We also organized an investigation into illegal local government financing, and urged the regions and financial institutions concerned to rectify this problem in accordance with the law.

严格按预算法要求规范预算管理。细化预算编制,进一步压缩代编预算规模,做实中央部门预算项目库。政府性基金项目减少到23项,对保留的项目实行目录清单管理。进一步扩大中央国有资本经营预算实施范围,制定中央国有资本经营预算支出管理暂行办法。开展全国行政事业单位资产清查。积极推进权责发生制政府综合财务报告制度改革,印发固定资产等4项政府会计具体准则。组织开展新能源汽车推广应用补贴、地方预决算公开情况、政府采购代理机构执业情况等检查,查处曝光一批违反预算法和财经纪律的行为,对相关责任人员严肃追责。

- Ensuring budgets were managed in strict accordance with the Budget Law

We made the budgets more detailed, further scaled down the amount of tentative budgets prepared by the Ministry of Finance for other government offices or projects, and worked to ensure all projects were covered by central government department budgets. We cut the number of projects financed by government-managed funds to 23, and introduced a list and catalogue system to manage these projects. We expanded the scope of the central government's state capital operations budget, and formulated the provisional measures for the management of expenditures from this budget. We conducted a nationwide review of assets owned by administrative agencies and institutions.

We moved forward with the reform to establish a system for comprehensive government financial reporting based on accrual accounting, and issued four sets of regulations concerning government accounting principles including principles on fixed assets. We organized inspections on the implementation of subsidies for the use of new-energy vehicles, the disclosure of local budgets and final accounts, and the operations of government procurement agencies. During the inspections we investigated and exposed a number of cases of violations of the Budget Law and financial and economic discipline and held those responsible to account.

2016年,财政部改进和加强服务全国人大代表、政协委员工作。认真办理建议提案,全年承办人大代表建议2889件、政协委员提案1323件。加大与代表委员沟通交流力度,积极听取和吸纳代表委员提出的意见建议,进一步改进财政工作。In 2016, the Ministry of Finance improved its services for the deputies to the NPC and members of the CPPCC National Committee. We dealt conscientiously with their suggestions and proposals, handling over the course of the year a total of 2,889 suggestions made by deputies and 1,323 proposals by members. We did more to improve communication with the deputies and members, soliciting and taking on board their opinions and suggestions in order to improve public finance work.
(二)2016年预算调整情况。2. Adjustments to the 2016 budgets
为进一步理顺全面推开营改增试点后中央与地方增值税收入划分关系,从2016年5月1日起,与全面推开营改增试点同步实施调整中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案。此次调整对2016年全国一般公共预算收支预算总量没有影响,但中央和地方收支预算结构发生变化。中央一般公共预算收入预算由70570亿元调整为72350亿元,增加的1780亿元全部用于对地方税收返还,相应中央一般公共预算支出预算由85885亿元调整为87665亿元。按照预算法有关规定,中央预算调整方案已提请十二届全国人大常委会第二十四次会议审查批准。To ensure VAT revenue was better shared between the central and local governments after trials to replace business tax with VAT came into effect across all industries on May 1, 2016, we began implementing a transitional plan at the same time to adjust the sharing of VAT revenue between the central and local governments. This adjustment did not affect the total budgetary revenue and expenditures in the 2016 general public budgets nationwide, but brought changes to the structure of the central and local government budgets. The revenue in the central government's general public budget was increased to 7.235 trillion yuan from 7.057 trillion yuan, and the 178 billion yuan increase was used in full for tax rebates to local governments. Accordingly expenditures in the central government's general public budget were increased to 8.7665 trillion yuan from 8.5885 trillion yuan. In accordance with the Budget Law, the plan for revising the central budget was submitted to the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th NPC for deliberation and approval.
(三)2016年预算收支情况。3. Budgetary revenue and expenditures in 2016
1.一般公共预算。1) General public budgets
全国一般公共预算收入159552.08亿元,为预算的101.5%,比2015年同口径(考虑5项政府性基金转列一般公共预算等影响)增长4.5%。加上使用结转结余及调入资金7271.08亿元,收入总量为166823.16亿元。全国一般公共预算支出187841.14亿元,完成预算的103.9%,扣除地方使用结转结余及调入资金后增长7.4%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金782.02亿元,支出总量为188623.16亿元。收支总量相抵,赤字21800亿元,与预算持平。

Revenue in China's general public budgets reached 15.955208 trillion yuan, representing 101.5 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.5 percent over 2015, after allowing for, among other things, the inclusion into general public budgets of five government-managed funds. Adding in the 727.108 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds, plus funds from other sources, this revenue totaled 16.682316 trillion yuan.

Expenditures in China's general public budgets reached 18.784114 trillion yuan, representing 103.9 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.4 percent after deducting local governments' utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources. Including the 78.202 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, these expenditures totaled 18.862316 trillion yuan. Expenditures therefore exceeded revenue, leaving a deficit of 2.18 trillion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure.

中央一般公共预算收入72357.31亿元,为调整预算的100%,比2015年同口径增长1.2%。加上从中央预算稳定调节基金调入1000亿元,从中央政府性基金预算、中央国有资本经营预算调入315.06亿元,收入总量为73672.37亿元。中央一般公共预算支出86890.35亿元(其中,中央本级支出27404亿元,中央对地方税收返还和转移支付59486.35亿元),完成调整预算的99.1%,增长4.5%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金782.02亿元,支出总量为87672.37亿元。收支总量相抵,中央财政赤字14000亿元,与预算持平。2016年中央预备费预算500亿元,实际支出146.1亿元,剩余353.9亿元全部转入中央预算稳定调节基金。2016年末,中央财政国债余额120066.75亿元,控制在年度预算限额125908.35亿元以内;中央预算稳定调节基金余额2678.06亿元(含通过收回中央财政结转资金补充1501.83亿元)。

Revenue in the central government's general public budget reached 7.235731 trillion yuan, representing 100 percent of the adjusted budgeted figure and an increase of 1.2 percent over 2015. Adding in the 100 billion yuan contributed by the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and the 31.506 billion yuan from the budgets of central government-managed funds and central government state capital operations, this revenue totaled 7.367237 trillion yuan.

Expenditures in the central government's general public budget amounted to 8.689035 trillion yuan (this consists of 2.7404 trillion yuan in central government expenditures and 5.948635 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central to local governments), representing 99.1 percent of the adjusted budgeted figure and an increase of 4.5 percent. Adding in the 78.202 billion yuan contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, these expenditures totaled 8.767237 trillion yuan. They exceeded revenue, leaving a deficit of 1.4 trillion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure. Central government reserve funds budgeted for 2016 were 50 billion yuan; of this, actual expenditures accounted for 14.61 billion yuan, and the remaining 35.39 billion yuan was transferred in full to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. At year end 2016, outstanding central government debt was 12.006675 trillion yuan, well within the budgeted 12.590835 trillion yuan limit. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 267.806 billion yuan, including 150.183 billion yuan in recovered central government carryover funds.

2016年中央一般公共预算平衡关系 新华社发

Figure 1

Revenue and Expenditures in the 2016 Central Government General Public Budget

地方一般公共预算收入146681.12亿元,其中,地方一般公共预算本级收入87194.77亿元,比2015年同口径增长7.4%;中央对地方税收返还和转移支付收入59486.35亿元。加上地方财政使用结转结余及调入资金5956.02亿元,收入总量为152637.14亿元。地方一般公共预算支出160437.14亿元,扣除使用结转结余及调入资金后增长7.4%。收支总量相抵,地方财政赤字7800亿元,与预算持平。Revenue in local government general public budgets reached 14.668112 trillion yuan. This figure consists of 8.719477 trillion yuan in local government revenue, an increase of 7.4 percent over 2015, and 5.948635 trillion yuan in central government tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments. Adding in the additional 595.602 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources, this revenue totaled 15.263714 trillion yuan. Expenditures in local government general public budgets totaled 16.043714 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 7.4 percent after deducting utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds from other sources. Total expenditures exceeded total revenue, leaving a local government deficit of 780 billion yuan, which is the same as the budgeted figure.
2.政府性基金预算。2) Budgets for government-managed funds
全国政府性基金收入46618.62亿元,增长11.9%。加上2015年结转收入249.84亿元和地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入4000亿元,全国政府性基金相关收入总量为50868.46亿元。全国政府性基金相关支出46851.52亿元,增长11.7%。In 2016, revenue into China's government-managed funds reached 4.661862 trillion yuan, up 11.9 percent. Adding in the 24.984 billion yuan carried over from 2015 and 400 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, this revenue totaled 5.086846 trillion yuan. Expenditures from these funds amounted to 4.685152 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.7 percent.
中央政府性基金收入4178.08亿元,为预算的97.8%,增长2.6%。加上2015年结转收入249.84亿元和地方上解收入7.59亿元,中央政府性基金收入总量为4435.51亿元。中央政府性基金支出3999.98亿元,完成预算的88.5%,下降6.8%。其中,中央本级支出2889.86亿元,对地方转移支付1110.12亿元。中央政府性基金收入大于支出435.53亿元。其中,结转下年继续使用298.5亿元;单项政府性基金结转超过当年收入30%的部分合计110.72亿元,按规定补充预算稳定调节基金;拟由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算的3个项目结余26.31亿元,2017年调入一般公共预算。Revenue into central government-managed funds reached 417.808 billion yuan, representing 97.8 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 2.6 percent. Adding in the 24.984 billion yuan carried forward from 2015 and the 759 million yuan turned over by local governments, this revenue totaled 443.551 billion yuan. Expenditures from central government-managed funds totaled 399.998 billion yuan, representing 88.5 percent of the budgeted figure and a 6.8 percent decrease. This figure breaks down as central government expenditures of 288.986 billion yuan and transfer payments to local governments totaling 111.012 billion yuan. Revenue into central government-managed funds exceeded expenditures by 43.553 billion yuan. Of this figure, 29.85 billion yuan was carried forward to 2017; 11.072 billion yuan from carryover funds of individual government-managed funds, which exceeded 30 percent of the revenue of their respective funds in 2016, was contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund in accordance with regulations; and 2.631 billion yuan represented surplus funds from the three items to be transferred from government-managed fund budgets into the general public budget in 2017.
地方政府性基金本级收入42440.54亿元,增长12.9%,其中国有土地使用权出让收入37456.63亿元。加上中央政府性基金对地方转移支付收入1110.12亿元和地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入4000亿元,地方政府性基金相关收入为47550.66亿元。地方政府性基金相关支出43961.66亿元,增长13%,其中国有土地使用权出让收入相关支出38405.84亿元。Revenue into funds managed by local governments reached 4.244054 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.9 percent, of which proceeds from selling state-owned land-use rights accounted for 3.745663 trillion yuan. Adding in the 111.012 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds and the 400 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, this revenue totaled 4.755066 trillion yuan. Expenditures through local government-managed funds totaled 4.396166 trillion yuan, up 13 percent, which includes 3.840584 trillion yuan in expenditures funded using the proceeds from selling state-owned land-use rights.
3.国有资本经营预算。3) Budgets for state capital operations
全国国有资本经营预算收入2601.84亿元,增长2%。全国国有资本经营预算支出2171.46亿元,增长18.2%。In 2016, budgetary revenue from China's state capital operations totaled 260.184 billion yuan, up 2 percent, and budgetary expenditures through these operations totaled 217.146 billion yuan, up 18.2 percent.
中央国有资本经营预算收入1430.17亿元,为预算的102.2%,下降11.3%。加上2015年结转收入394.47亿元,收入总量为1824.64亿元。中央国有资本经营预算支出1450.61亿元,完成预算的93.5%,增长28.1%。其中,中央本级支出937.08亿元,对地方转移支付513.53亿元。向一般公共预算调出246亿元。结转下年支出128.03亿元。Budgetary revenue from central government state capital operations was 143.017 billion yuan, representing 102.2 percent of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 11.3 percent. Adding in the 39.447 billion yuan carried forward from 2015, the revenue totaled 182.464 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures through these operations reached 145.061 billion yuan, representing 93.5 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 28.1 percent. These expenditures consisted of 93.708 billion yuan in central government expenditures and 51.353 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments. A total of 24.6 billion yuan was transferred into the general public budget. A total of 12.803 billion yuan of budgetary revenue from these operations was carried over to 2017.
地方国有资本经营预算本级收入1171.67亿元,增长24.9%。加上中央国有资本经营预算对地方转移支付收入513.53亿元,收入总量为1685.2亿元。地方国有资本经营预算支出1234.38亿元,增长48.5%。向一般公共预算调出246.91亿元。Budgetary revenue from the state capital operations of local governments reached 117.167 billion yuan, up 24.9 percent. Adding in the 51.353 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments through the central government's state capital operations budget, the revenue totaled 168.52 billion yuan. Budgetary spending through local government state capital operations amounted to 123.438 billion yuan, up 48.5 percent. A total of 24.691 billion yuan was transferred into the general public budget.
4.社会保险基金预算。4) Budgets for social security funds
全国社会保险基金收入48272.53亿元,为预算的102.4%,增长4.1%。其中,保险费收入35065.86亿元,财政补贴收入11104.34亿元。全国社会保险基金支出43918.94亿元,完成预算的100.9%,增长12.3%。当年收支结余4353.59亿元,年末滚存结余63294.67亿元。In 2016, revenue into China's social security funds reached 4.827253 trillion yuan, representing 102.4 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.1 percent. This revenue includes 3.506586 trillion yuan from insurance premiums and 1.110434 trillion yuan from government subsidies. Expenditures from these funds amounted to 4.391894 trillion yuan, representing 100.9 percent of the budgeted figure and an increase of 12.3 percent. The social security fund surplus for 2016 was 435.359 billion yuan, which was rolled over to make the year-end balance 6.329467 trillion yuan.
此外,按照国务院关于加强财政资金统筹使用的要求,部分地方政府性基金项目转列地方一般公共预算,对应的专项债务余额和限额116.82亿元相应转入一般债务余额和限额,不影响地方政府债务总限额。In addition, in compliance with the State Council's requirement to strengthen overall coordination in the use of government funds, a number of items were transferred from local government-managed funds into local government general public budgets and the corresponding outstanding balance of special debt totaling 11.682 billion yuan and the ceiling for this balance were transferred to general debt, leaving the ceiling for local government debt unchanged.
(四)2016年主要支出政策落实情况。4. Implementation of main policies regarding expenditures in 2016
促进教育发展。统一城乡义务教育学校生均公用经费基准定额。免除普通高中建档立卡等家庭经济困难学生学杂费。支持全面改善贫困地区8万余所义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件。全面建立中职学校生均拨款制度。落实新的中央高校预算拨款制度。全年8400多万人次享受到国家学生资助政策。

-- Education

We established a unified benchmark for public funding per student in China's compulsory education schools. Eligible students from families with financial difficulties at regular senior secondary schools were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees. We funded improvements to basic conditions in more than 80,000 badly built or poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. We established a funding system for secondary vocational schools based on student enrollment. We implemented a new budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning directly under the central government. State financial assistance was granted to over 84 million students over the course of last year.

支持科技创新。优化科技支出结构,重点保障公共科技活动,进一步加大基础研究支持力度。完成中央财政科技计划(专项、基金等)优化整合工作。完善稳定支持机制,促进科研院所改革发展。支持系统推进全面创新改革试验和国家自主创新示范区建设。促进科技成果转移转化。

-- Scientific and technological innovation

We improved the structure of science and technology expenditures, giving high priority to funding science and technology activities for the public interest, and increasing funding for basic research. We finished improving central government plans, special programs, and funds for funding scientific and technological advancements. We improved the mechanism ensuring stable funding for the reform and development of research institutions. We funded both systematic pilot reforms focused on all-around innovation and the development of national innovation demonstration zones. We funded efforts to promote the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements.

提高社会保障水平。按6.5%左右的幅度提高了机关事业单位和企业退休人员基本养老金标准。推进居家和社区养老服务改革试点。继续提高全国城乡最低生活保障标准。进一步建立健全特困人员救助供养制度。保障优抚对象等人员各项抚恤待遇落实。支持做好退役士兵安置工作。在全国范围建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。通过社会保险补贴、职业培训补贴等方式,鼓励企业吸纳就业困难人员,提高劳动者职业技能,增强就业公共服务能力。

-- Social security

Basic pension benefits for the retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions were increased by around 6.5 percent. We funded pilot reforms to develop at-home and community-based elderly care. Subsistence allowances for Chinese citizens were increased. We moved forward with the establishment of a sound system for providing assistance to people living in extreme poverty. We worked to ensure entitled groups received their benefits. Support was ensured for the proper settlement of demobilized military personnel. A system was put in place nationwide for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing subsidies to people with serious disabilities. We provided subsidies for social security programs and vocational training to encourage enterprises to employ those experiencing employment difficulties, to help workers improve their vocational skills, and to provide better public employment services.

深化医药卫生体制改革。城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年380元提高到420元。城市公立医院改革试点扩大到200个城市,县级公立医院改革全面推开。支持19万名住院医师规范化培训,启动首批5000名助理全科医生培训。基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由40元提高到45元,继续推动实施疾病预防控制、妇幼健康等重大公共卫生服务项目。

-- Reform of the medical and health care system

Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were increased from 380 to 420 yuan per person. Pilot reforms of urban public hospitals were expanded to 200 cities and reforms were carried out in all county-level public hospitals. We funded the standardized training of 190,000 resident physicians and the first batch of 5,000 assistant general practitioners. Per capita government spending on basic public health services was raised from 40 to 45 yuan per year. We continued to fund major public health service projects to, among other things, prevent and control diseases and provide maternal and child care.

加快现代农业建设。全面推开农业“三项补贴”改革。支持实施500万亩粮改豆和600万亩粮改饲试点,探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。深入开展重金属污染耕地修复及种植结构调整试点,扩大地下水超采区综合治理试点范围。深化重要农产品收储制度改革,将玉米临时收储政策调整为市场化收购加补贴新机制,建立玉米生产者补贴制度,采取多种方式消化政策性粮棉油库存。支持培育新型农业经营体系,新增高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩以上,农业综合开发建设高标准农田2800万亩。扩大农村一二三产业融合发展试点范围,启动扶持村级集体经济发展试点。完成村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补项目约30万个。

-- Modern agriculture

We provided direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies nationwide. We subsidized trials to shift from growing grain crops to producing soybeans on 333,300 hectares of farmland and from growing grain crops to cultivating feed crops on 400,000 hectares of cultivated land. We also subsidized trials in using systems of crop rotation and fallow land. More funds were made available for trials to restore cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and adjust the agricultural production mix, as well as trials to deal comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater in more areas.

We deepened reform of the purchase and storage system for important agricultural products. The policy on the temporary purchasing and stockpiling of corn was scrapped in favor of a new mechanism for purchasing corn at market prices plus subsidies, and a system was established for subsidizing corn production. We adopted a broad range of measures to reduce excess policy-supported stockpiles of grain, cotton, and edible oil. We provided support for the initiatives to foster new agricultural operational systems. Thanks to government funding, the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation was increased by 1.33 million hectares, and efforts toward comprehensive agricultural development saw the addition of 1.87 million hectares of high-grade cropland. We financed the extension of trials to integrate the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to more rural areas, and to support the development of collective village enterprises. Around 300,000 village-level public works projects launched on the basis of decision making by villagers were completed using government awards and subsidies.

支持生态环保建设。整合设立土壤污染防治专项资金,落实土壤污染防治行动计划。加强大气污染防治,资金安排进一步向燃煤污染控制、工业污染治理等重点领域倾斜。开展水污染防治项目储备库建设,继续安排资金支持重点区域、重点流域水污染防治。启动新一轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策,涉及草原面积38.11亿亩。支持实施新一轮退耕还林还草新增任务1510万亩。落实天然林保护全覆盖政策。支持河北京津冀水源涵养区等4个山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程试点。推动九洲江等4个流域建立横向生态保护补偿机制。支持18个城市开展蓝色海湾整治行动。

-- Ecological conservation

Funds for the prevention and control of soil pollution were launched, and funding was made available for implementing the action plan for addressing soil pollution. We allocated more funds for addressing air pollution, with the focus on tackling key areas such as pollution from coal burning and industrial pollution. We continued to develop a reserve of projects for addressing water pollution, making additional funding available for the prevention and control of water pollution in key areas and major drainage basins. We launched a new round of policies to subsidize and reward grassland ecological conservation, covering 254.07 million hectares of grassland. We provided financial support for implementation of a new round of initiatives to turn a further 1.01 million hectares of marginal farmland into forest or grassland. We funded the implementation of the protective policies for all natural forests nationwide. We made funding available for four pilot projects for ecological conservation and restoration including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Source Conservation Area in Hebei Province. Funding was also made available for the establishment of mechanisms for trans-regional and intra-watershed compensation for ecological conservation efforts in four drainage basins including the Jiuzhoujiang River, and for action in the Blue Bay environmental improvement initiative in 18 cities.

加强基本住房保障。支持棚户区改造开工606万套、农村危房改造314万户,均完成年度任务。棚改货币化安置比例达到48.5%,比上年提高18.6个百分点。

-- Government support for basic housing

We funded the rebuilding of 6.06 million housing units in rundown urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated rural houses, meeting the targets for the year for both programs. The proportion of people displaced through such programs who received monetary housing compensation rather than housing reached 48.5 percent, up 18.6 percentage points over the previous year.

推动文化改革发展。支持49871家公益性文化设施向社会免费开放,支持1260个公共体育场馆向社会免费或低收费开放,实施国家重点文物保护项目1791个。鼓励文化产品创作生产,促进文化对外交流与传播。支持中央国有文化企业改革,推动文化事业和文化产业协调发展。

-- Reform and development in the cultural sector

We subsidized efforts to keep 49,871 public cultural facilities free to the public and make 1,260 public sports complexes free or inexpensive to public users. We also funded 1,791 programs to protect key national cultural relics. Support was given to encourage the creation and production of cultural products, facilitate cultural exchange with foreign countries, share Chinese culture globally, reform state-owned cultural enterprises directly under the central government, and promote the coordinated development of cultural programs and industries.

以上预算执行的具体情况详见《中华人民共和国2016年全国预算执行情况2017年全国预算(草案)》。For a more detailed account of budget execution related to the above items, please refer to the Report on the Execution of the 2016 Budgets of the People's Republic of China and Its 2017 Draft Budgets in Chinese.
总的看,2016年财政运行基本平稳,财政改革发展各项工作取得新成效,促进了经济社会平稳健康发展。这是党中央、国务院坚强领导的结果,是全国人大、全国政协及代表委员们监督指导的结果,是各地区、各部门以及全国各族人民共同努力的结果。Overall, our fiscal operations in 2016 remained stable and achievements were made in the reform and development of public finance, which gave impetus to steady and sound economic and social development. We owe these achievements to the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; to the oversight and guidance of the NPC, deputies to the NPC, the CPPCC National Committee and its members; and to the joint efforts of all regions, government departments, and the Chinese people.
同时,我们清醒地认识到,财政运行和财政工作中还面临一些困难和问题,主要是:在经济下行压力较大的形势下,财政收入增长动力不强,地方财政收入走势分化,一些资源型和传统产业比重大的地区财政收支矛盾加剧,部分基层财政保运转和民生兜底出现困难。财政支出结构不尽合理,部分支出项目形成只增不减的固化格局。有的改革举措没有真正落地,有的改革措施进度偏慢。转移支付管理亟待规范,专项转移支付清理整合没有完全到位,省以下转移支付制度改革进展不平衡。有的地方预决算不透明,财政资金使用不规范、效率不高,资金沉淀多。一些地方落实政府债务管理制度不力,存在违规担保或变相举债问题,地方政府隐性债务风险增大。我们高度重视这些问题,将采取有力措施加以解决。

On the other hand, we are soberly aware of the following main difficulties and problems in our fiscal operations and finance work.

-- Within the context of considerable downward pressure on China's economy, there is a lack of impetus for government revenue growth and the growth prospects of local government revenue are mixed; imbalances in government revenue and expenditures are becoming more pronounced in some regions that are resource-dependent or whose traditional industries have a large share in their respective economies; and some township-level governments are having financial difficulty in keeping themselves operating and meeting people's basic needs.

-- The structure of budgetary spending is not balanced, with spending on some items constantly increasing.

-- Some reform measures have not truly been implemented as they should while for others progress has been slow.

-- The management of transfer payments is in urgent need of standardization as special transfer payments have yet to be overhauled to full effect, and progress in the reform of the transfer payment systems at and below the provincial level has been patchy.

-- In some localities, budgets and final accounts lack transparency, the use of government funds is not in line with standards and ineffective, and more funds are becoming idle.

-- Some localities are weak on government debt management and are guarantying debt or making borrowings in breach of regulations, thus increasing the hidden debt-related risks of local governments.

We view these problems as extremely important and will take measures to effectively resolve them.

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